The Genome Landscape of Tibetan Sheep Reveals Adaptive Introgression from Argali and the History of Early Human Settlements on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
文献类型： 外文期刊
作者： Hu, Xiao-Ju 1 ; Yang, Ji 1 ; Xie, Xing-Long 1 ; Lv, Feng-Hua 1 ; Cao, Yin-Hong 1 ; Li, Wen-Rong 3 ; Liu, Ming-Jun 3 ; Wan 1 ;
作者机构： 1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, CAS Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol, Beijing, Peoples R China
2.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Life Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China
3.Xinjiang Acad Anim Sci, Anim Biotechnol Res Ctr, Urumqi, Peoples R China
4.Kashi Univ, Coll Life & Geog Sci, Kashi, Peoples R China
5.Inner Mongolia Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci, Hohhot, Peoples R China
6.Yunnan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China
7.Shandong Binzhou Acad Anim Sci & Vet Med, Binzhou, Peoples R China
8.Nanjing Agr Univ, Inst Sheep & Goat Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
9.Ningxia Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Grass Feeding Livestock Engn Technol Res Ctr, Yinchuan, Peoples R China
10.CAAS, Inst Anim Sci, CAAS ILRI Joint Lab Livestock & Forage Genet Reso, Beijing, Peoples R China
11.ILRI, Livestock Genet Program, Nairobi, Kenya
关键词： Tibetan sheep; argali; introgression; HBB; RXFP2; adaptation; human expansion
期刊名称：MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION （ 影响因子：16.24； 五年影响因子：18.67 ）
ISSN： 0737-4038
年卷期： 2019 年 36 卷 2 期
页码：
收录情况： SCI
摘要： Tibetan sheep are themost common and widespread domesticated animals on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and have played an essential role in the permanent human occupation of this high-altitude region. However, the precise timing, route, and process of sheep pastoralism in the QTP region remain poorly established, and little is known about the underlying genomic changes that occurred during the process. Here, we investigate the genomic variation in Tibetan sheep using whole-genome sequences, single nucleotide polymorphism arrays, mitochondrial DNA, and Y-chromosomal variants in 986 samples throughout their distribution range. We detect strong signatures of selection in genes involved in the hypoxia and ultraviolet signaling pathways (e.g., HIF-1 pathway and HBB and MITF genes) and in genes associated with morphological traits such as horn size and shape (e.g., RXFP2). We identify clear signals of argali (Ovis ammon) introgression into sympatric Tibetan sheep, covering 5.23-5.79% of their genomes. The introgressed genomic regions are enriched in genes related to oxygen transportation system, sensory perception, and morphological phenotypes, in particular the genes HBB and RXFP2 with strong signs of adaptive introgression. The spatial distribution of genomic diversity and demographic reconstruction of the history of Tibetan sheep show a stepwise pattern of colonization with their initial spread onto the QTP from its northeastern part similar to 3,100 years ago, followed by further southwest expansion to the central QTP similar to 1,300 years ago. Together with archeological evidence, the date and route reveal the history of human expansions on the QTP by the Tang-Bo Ancient Road during the late Holocene. Our findings contribute to a depth understanding of early pastoralism and the local adaptation of Tibetan sheep as well as the late-Holocene human occupation of the QTP.
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